Solaris cheat sheet for DBA

There are some handy Unix commands for DBA. It was done on Solaris 10.

System Configuration

prtconf

Find physical memory

prtconf | grep Memory

Information about CPU
Physical processors

psrinfo -p

psrinfo -pv

Virtual processors

psrinfo

psrinfo -v

Information about swap
List all swap areas

swap -l

Show swap usage

swap -s

Swapping activity (3 seconds 5 samples)

vmstat -S 3 5

Performance Monitoring

top

prstat

top processes with totals per user

prstat -a

sorted by memory and totals per user (shared memory shown).

prstat -a -s rss

Archiving
zip (-r) recursively and (-y) with symbolic links

zip -vry file.zip target_dir

tar and compress (tar stores symbolic links)

tar -cvf - target_dir | gzip -c > destination_dir/file.tar.gz

Use RELATIVE path for target directory, unless you want to restore files to the same location.
Unpacking tar.gz

cd destination_dir

gunzip < file.tar.gz | tar xvf -

Checksum and digest
digest -va md5 file_name
digest -va sha1 file_name
cksum file_name

32 or 64?
Is my Solaris 64-bit or 32-bit?
/usr/bin/isainfo -kv
Is my Oracle 64-bit or 32-bit?
cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin
file oracle

Oracle files
cat /var/opt/oracle/oratab
cat /var/opt/oracle/oraInst.loc

Solaris files
/etc/vfstab File system mount table
/var/adm/loginlog Log of login attempts
/var/adm/messages Syslog location

Lack of swap

Environment:
Oracle 10g (10.2.0.4), Solaris 10
Problem:
alert.log:
ORA-27300: OS system dependent operation:fork failed with status: 11
ORA-27301: OS failure message: Resource temporarily unavailable
ORA-27302: failure occurred at: skgpspawn5
ORA-27303: additional information: skgpspawn5
Mon Mar  8 14:07:46 2010
Process J007 died, see its trace file
Mon Mar  8 14:07:46 2010
kkjcre1p: unable to spawn jobq slave process

Solution:
It happened to be lack of swap. For Solaris use:

swap -s

swap -l

Useful info:
For other status number of ORA-27300 check Metalink note ID 579365.1

Generate tnsnames from OEM repository

Environment: Oracle 10g, 10.2
To get tnsnames from OEM, connect to OEM repository and run the following SQL.
p3.property_value and t.target_name can be the same, or one of them can include domain name. You can choose one or both.
Script:

select p3.property_value||', '||t.target_name||' = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = '||p1.property_value||')(PORT = '||p2.property_value||'))) (CONNECT_DATA = (service_name = '||p3.property_value||')))'
from SYSMAN.MGMT_TARGETS t, SYSMAN.MGMT_TARGET_PROPERTIES p1, SYSMAN.MGMT_TARGET_PROPERTIES p2, SYSMAN.MGMT_TARGET_PROPERTIES p3
where upper(t.TARGET_NAME) like 'DH%' -- filter targets if you don't want all of them
and t.target_type='oracle_database'
and t.target_guid = p1.target_guid
and t.target_guid = p2.target_guid
and t.target_guid = p3.target_guid(+)
and p1.property_name='MachineName'
and p2.property_name='Port'
and p3.property_name(+)='ServiceName'
order by 1;

SQL Plus profile

When you start SQL Plus or connect, it runs the glogin.sql site profile script and then runs the login.sql user profile script.
The global site profile is $ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/glogin.sql
The user profile script is login.sql. SQL Plus looks for login.sql in the current directory, and then in the directories specified by the SQLPATH environment variable.
e.g. Following script sets up date format, SQL prompt and shows where you are connected to.

set head off feedback off
ALTER SESSION SET nls_date_format = 'yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS';
SELECT
'user: '||SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CURRENT_USER')||
' inst: '|| SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','INSTANCE_NAME')||
' db: '|| SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','DB_NAME')||
' host: '|| SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','SERVER_HOST') c1
FROM DUAL;
set sqlprompt "_user'@'_connect_identifier> "

set head on feedback on
prompt ___________________________________________________________________
set serveroutput on size 20000 line 200 

Oracle documentation (SQL*Plus® User's Guide and Reference Release 10.2)

Send mail from Windows

When we create backup scripts sometimes we need to email notifications of success or failure.
There are few ways to do it. One of them is to use blat. Another one is VBScript. Here is example of such vbs:

Set oShell = CreateObject( "WScript.Shell" )
user=oShell.ExpandEnvironmentStrings("%UserName%")
comp=oShell.ExpandEnvironmentStrings("%ComputerName%")
Set objEmail = CreateObject("CDO.Message")
objEmail.From = user+"@"+comp
objEmail.To = "your-name@your-email.com"
objEmail.Subject = comp + " RMAN backup failed"
objEmail.Textbody = "Please check RMAN log file"
objEmail.Configuration.Fields.Item _
    ("http://schemas.microsoft.com/cdo/configuration/sendusing") = 2
objEmail.Configuration.Fields.Item _
    ("http://schemas.microsoft.com/cdo/configuration/smtpserver") = _
        "your.smtp.server.com"
objEmail.Configuration.Fields.Item _
    ("http://schemas.microsoft.com/cdo/configuration/smtpserverport") = 25
objEmail.Configuration.Fields.Update
objEmail.Send

Database performance monitoring

Some handy commands to help with database performance monitoring and troubleshooting.
Environment: Oracle 10.2.0.4 on Solaris

1. PGA usage, top consumers
   select
   round(p.pga_alloc_mem/1024/1024) "pga_alloc_MiB",
   round(p.pga_used_mem/1024/1024) "pga_used_MiB",
   p.spid "OS_pid",
   s.sid, s.serial#, s.username, s.status, s.client_info, s.osuser, s.machine, s.terminal, s.program, s.module,s.sql_id
   from v$process p, v$session s
   where p.addr=s.paddr
   order by p.pga_alloc_mem desc;
   
2. UNDO usage, top consumers
   select round(t.used_ublk*(select block_size from dba_tablespaces where tablespace_name=(select value from v$parameter where name = 'undo_tablespace'))/1024/1024) "undo_used_MiB",
   t.used_ublk used_blocks,
   t.START_DATE trn_started,
   s.sid, s.serial#, s.username, s.status,s.osuser, s.machine, s.terminal, s.program, s.module,s.sql_id
   from V$TRANSACTION t, v$session S
   where t.SES_ADDR=s.saddr
   order by used_ublk desc;
   
3. TEMP usage, top consumers
   select t.tablespace, t.blocks,
   round((t.blocks * ts.block_size)/1024/1024) "Size_MiB", t.segtype,
   s.sid, s.serial#, s.username, s.status,s.osuser, s.machine, s.terminal, s.program, s.module,s.sql_id
   from v$session s, v$tempseg_usage t, dba_tablespaces ts
   where t.tablespace=ts.tablespace_name and s.saddr = t.session_addr
   order by t.blocks desc;
   
4.  CPU usage
   
   • UNIX top command, it can be sorted by CPU or memory (SIZE or RES). Press “h” for help.
   • In OEM you can look at Performance page of host.
   • UNIX Solaris command prstat
     sorted by CPU usage:
     
     
     prstat
     processes sorted by CPU and totals per user
     prstat -a
     sorted by memory and totals per user. Careful! It is different from top command as it shows shared memory as well.
     prstat -a -s rss
     
     
     
   
   
5. Free memory
   UNIX top command and OEM host performance page can be used. They show the same result.
    
6.  Paging and Swapping
   In OEM:
   Go to target host, "Performance" tab. Click "Swap Utilization" number to see a graph or click "Paging Activity" to see more metrics.
   Unix commands:
   vmstat -S 3 12
   Where 3 is the number of seconds between statistics samplings and 12 is the number of samples to take. Watch "si" and "so", swap in/out columns, and scan rate "sr". If scan rate is non-zero for an extended period of time, you need more RAM.
   Note that first line of output includes all activity since the last vmstat report.

Video problem in Skype on Linux

Environment:
Ubuntu 9.10 Karmic Koala 64-bit, Skype 2.1.0.47 (deb package downloaded from skype.com)
Problem:
test video is just a green screen.
Solution:
You need to use correct v4l1compat.so library.
az@az1:~$ locate v4l1compat.so
/usr/lib/libv4l/v4l1compat.so
/usr/lib32/libv4l/v4l1compat.so

Second one works ok for 64-bit linux. Try from shell:
LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib32/libv4l/v4l1compat.so skype &

To make it permanent go to (using Gnome)
System > Preferences > Main Menu
and change properties of Skype shortcut to

env LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib32/libv4l/v4l1compat.so skype